Dot and dash line styles can be applied to objects as strokes and further customised to create a variety of different patterns.
The Stroke panel, and Stroke properties (on the Pen Tool or shape tool's context toolbar), let you change your stroke into a dotted or dashed line. For either, the Dash Pattern controls appear when the Dash Line Style is set.
A section of the panel sets the line's pattern using three number pairs:
To configure, you can enter values directly or drag the dash (white) or gap (black) strips under the number sequence to the left or right to adjust in 0.1 increments.
When enabled, Balanced Dash Pattern applies the pattern to the shape's outline so it appears seamless along the outline and is symmetrical at all corners. When Balanced Dash Pattern is disabled, you can set the phase value to manually 'shift' the dot/dash line style along so the design begins at a different point in the style's sequence.